Friday, 29 November 2013

3rd Post - Research and Proposal

Research

Before writing my proposal i began researching the work of composers, and sound artists such as Alvin Lucier, Steve Reich, Max Neuhaus and David Cunningham. 

Alvin Lucier's most well known work is called "I am Sitting In a Room" and in it he records his voice then plays it back into the room and rerecords it. He repeats this process until the rooms resonant frequencies make his speech unintelligible yet strangely musical. This is an incredibly simple yet profound piece of sound art that shows how a space can have it's own identity.



Steve Reich's early tape compositions "It's Gonna Rain"(1965) and "Come Out"(1966) were hugely influential and began his exploration of phasing which informed much of his following work. In these compositions he uses to tape loops one of which very gradually goes out of sync with the other producing endless variations until it returns into time. This work was very like an influence on Phil Kline's work with tape recorders.



Max Neuhaus is a highly respected sound artist and I particularly like one of his permanent installations in Pulheim, Germany outside the Stommeln Synagogue. Here is his description of the piece.

‘In Time Piece Stommeln I’ve†managed to make a sound that you really don't hear until just before it actually disappears. Over the past several weeks, working with the complex sounds of traffic moving around the small square adjacent to the synagogue, I've built a sound texture which transforms these sounds. It integrates itself within them by blending with them and tracking them, changing itself with their changes. This texture is made up of low, powerful ingredients that have a wonderful kind of grace. As it grows you realize that there is also a fundamental harmony within it. It is only at the very end of each sounding that it emerges from its ambient, shows itself and disappears.’

It is only as it stops that you realise that it was there and I love how this refreshes passers-by's ears, making them suddenly aware of the everyday sounds around them.

Proposal for Interactive Sound Environments Module


Background
I want to create an interactive and partly indeterminate composition in which the audience act as the orchestra. The piece is strongly influenced by Phil Kline's Unsilent Night which is a massive moving sound cloud made up of hundreds of people carrying portable cassette players (boom boxes). The boom boxes all contain Kline's preprepared material and are started simultaneously. The machines playback at varying speeds and the people carrying them move and interact with each other and this produces a constantly changing and evolving soundscape that achieves amazing complexity from very simple source material. 


If any one piece of music can be said to represent the technically sophisticated, but non-Internet related, world of interactive music of the 1990's, it is Phil Kline's Unsilent Night, a forty-minute, genre-blurring, musical tour de force employing dozens, if not hundreds, of boom box tape players carried by the audience as they parade through and perform in the streets of downtown New York.”

                                                                                                                                      Duckworth (2005)

Kline's ideas can be seen as a continuation of Steve Reich's piece It's Gonna Rain which uses two tape loops that gradually go out of phase producing endless variations before gradually returning into sync. Kline may also have been influenced by Glenn Branca who he worked with as part of Branca's guitar ensemble in New York during the 1980's. Branca wrote pieces for large groups of specially tuned guitars that produced dense clouds of sound and also explored micro-tonality.


 
Aims
My intention is to use mobile phones and computers instead of boom boxes and to keep the performance within a room such as Scott 105. Kline's and Reich's pieces use analogue machines and tape which by their nature do not play at exactly the same speeds. With digital technology the speed of the playback will not fluctuate. However, it would be impossible for a large group of people to all press play simultaneously so there would be timing differences immediately and if the material was rhythmic this would produce interesting poly-rhythms. Also, if the material that the audience/orchestra have downloaded to their phones varies slightly in tempo and length, the effect would be a constantly changing and morphing rhythmic cloud that could produce some granular like effects.

If the phones are producing one layer of rhythmic sound then the computers with their inbuilt speakers could be used to produce another layer or multiple layers of melodic or new rhythmic patterns. My plan would be to compose some melodic and drone-like loops and have these ready installed on the computers ready to be played by an audience/orchestra member pushing the space bar at a given signal. If these pieces of music were being played through Max MSP then the player could be given some control over their particular sound via midi controllers, such as filter cut off, resonance and any other desired parameter.

At this point it might be possible to introduce some live acoustic instruments to add further textures to the sound cloud. One possibility would be to have a guitar ensemble similar to Branca's where a number of guitars would be tuned to the same open tuning that would work in conjunction with the material on the phones and computers. This would mean that the players would not need to be expert, as simply strumming the open strings in any way would add to the overall effect in a pleasing way.

Method and Issues
The success of this piece would depend on having a fairly large number of people with mobile phones capable of playing audio and for them to be able to download the relevant material to their phones in a simple and understandable way. Research would need to be done to find the most efficient way of doing this. If more than one piece of audio is to be used then it would be necessary to find a way of making sure this was distributed evenly throughout the orchestra in order to achieve the most effective results.

Preparation and organisation would be key to the success of the performance and it will be important to research and develop the right kind of audio to play from the phones and computers. There is a temptation to overcomplicate such a performance by adding too many elements and giving audience/orchestra members multiple roles that might make the execution too complex. I would propose to develop a number of pieces starting with a very simple one that would only use a small number of phones. This would allow me to identify problems and develop material and systems that work on a basic level and then to gradually increase the layers and numbers of participants.

It would be necessary to build a network of people willing to participate in the development of the piece and this could be done by using social networks such as Facebook and SoundCloud. SoundCloud would be a useful way of making the audio material I compose available to the participants and could also perhaps allow other composers to contribute material to the performance. This could potentially make the piece even more interactive and would move it on from Kline's piece which is highly interactive but only features one composer. For this to work, certain conditions would have to be set such as a general key and a time restriction of some kind.

Some kind of instruction and arrangement would be important and this could be done using powerpoint and a projector. Perhaps dividing the participants into three colour coded groups each with a separate file to download. The projection could then indicate when each group was to start the audio from phones and computers. This system for orchestrating the performance would be equally important as the music created.

Another avenue to explore would be using a network to control the computers, this would allow me to control multiple computers simultaneously and therefore simplify the role of the audience/orchestra members. This technique has some interesting potential for further developing the piece and I will do some research into it. However, I think this will come at a later stage after I have explored my basic idea further.



Phil Kline's Unsilent Night. A moving sound sculpture for multiple boom boxes and inspiration form my project.

Bibliography 


Duckworth, W. Virtual Music (2005) Routledge Taylor & Francis Group

Cipriani, C and Giri, M. Electronic Music and Sound Design (2010) ConTempoNet

Emmerson, S Music, Electronic Media and Culture (2000) Ashgate Publishing

Niblock, P. 2014. Phill Niblock [online]Available at: http://www.phillniblock.com Accessed 28.04.2014

Locus Sonus. 2014. Locus Sonus – Audio In Art [online]Available at: http://locusonus.org/ Accessed 28.04.2014

Grant, J. 2009. The Fragmented Orchestra by Dan Jones, Tim Hodgson, Jane Grant, John Matthias, Nicholas Outram, Nick Ryan. [online]Available at: http://www.academia.edu/4067716/The_Fragmented_Orchestra_by_Dan_Jones_Tim_Hodgson_Jane_Grant_John_Matthias_Nicholas_Outram_Nick_Ryan Accessed 28.04.2014


Loock, U. 2007. The Time Piece for the Stommeln Synagogue. [online]Available at: http://www.max-neuhaus.info/bibliography/Stommeln.htm Accessed 28.04.2014


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